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PRIVATE PILOTS LICENCE

Welcome to Kampala Aeroclub!  Click on any link in the Contents.

Contents:
Introduction
General Info
Syllabus
Training stuff
Technical Exam Topics
Articles
Return to www.flyuganda.com

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Introduction

Welcome to Kampala Aeroclub!   

We would like to make your flight training experience as rewarding, productive, and enjoyable as possible.   We want to help you become the best pilot that you can be. 

This disk is designed to supplement the lessons with your instructor and your studying from the textbooks in your pilot kit.  A brief overview of the contents: 

The "general info" section contains info about training, licensing, and medical requirements and duration.

The "syllabus" section contains our training syllabus!  It is a guideline as to the general order in which topics will be introduced.  It is flexible and may be adjusted as necessary to suit the needs of the individual.  It also contains a reading list, which will help you put your studying in order.

"Training Stuff"-  Training articles, flight planning forms, radio procedures, checklists, traffic pattern procedures, - all kinds of stuff that will be educational and useful!

"Technical Exam topics" includes information about the CAA exams you will take.  It includes practice questions and articles related to each exam.

"Articles"- a sample of aviation articles.  Every aviation article you ever read puts a bit of aviation knowledge in your head.  A good pilot is always reading!

We hope this information is helpful in your training!  If you have any questions about anything on this disk (or anything else!) please make a note of it and ask one of our pilots.  If you have any suggestions, we would love to hear them!  Thank you and enjoy,

Kampala Aeroclub instructors

Technical notes:  This disk includes files that require Microsoft Word and Adobe Reader.  There is also one Excel file.  If you don't have these programs, or if you encounter any technical difficulties, please let us know.  Thanks!

If you don't have Word and would like to install Wordviewer, a program to open and read and print Word documents, click here.

STUDENT FLIGHT EXPERIENCE  AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATION MANUAL

PRIVATE PILOTS LICENCE

Preamble 

This manual lays out the basic requirements for issue of a Ugandan Civil Aviation Authority Private Pilots Licence in accordance with regulations.

General Information regarding age, licensing and medical check minima are described in this manual to ensure that students are aware of their responsibilities prior to starting their flying training.

Students should be aware that the flight experience requirements are MINIMUMS and depending on ability, students will not be allowed to conduct solo flights, cross countries or be signed off for the final General Flight Test unless, in the sole discretion of the instructor, the student is considered as safe and ready to do so and the student is in agreement. Inevitably this means that students may exceed these minimum requirements.

Please note that this manual contains, in the opinion of KAFTC, relevant extracts from the regulations and should not be considered as the only applicable regulations. A full copy of the Uganda Air Law publication is available with KAFTC as well as CAP(U)53 detailing all the official requirements for the Student Pilot’s and the Private Pilot’s Licences. KAFTC will not be held responsible for infringements of the Uganda Air Law by pilots utilising KAFTC owned aircraft or aircraft in the responsibility of KAFTC.

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Introduction

1.1 To obtain the pilot-in-charge flying experience required for the initial issue of a Private Pilot’s Licence, ie before flying solo, a person must be the holder of a valid Uganda Students Pilot’s Licence. Neither technical examination nor air experience is required for such a licence but a medical examination is required..

2. Application for a licence

2.1 The minimum age for the grant of  a licence is 17 years.

2.2 Applicants are required to pass a medical examination.

2.3 Applicants for a Private Pilot’s Licence must satisfy the requirements in respect of flying experience, flying skill and technical knowledge.

2.4 Application forms and medical report forms are available through KAFTC.

3. Medical

3.1 Appointments should be arranged through KAFTC to the authorised CAA examiner to maintain a register of necessary medical renewals and confirm the fees payable.

3.2 The medical practitioner will pass the medical report form to the CAA licensing section at Entebbe for issuance of the appropriate licence. 

3.3 A renewal medical examination is required as follows:

            a. every year if the applicant is 40 years of age or over,

            b. every two years if the applicant is less than 40 years of age,

            c. whenever the applicant is aware that his physical condition has so deteriorated as to render him/her unfit for a licence.

            d. At shorter intervals, if for medical reasons the CAA considers it necessary.

4 Privileges attached to the Student Pilot’s Licence

4.1 The holder of a Student’s Pilots Licence is permitted to fly as a pilot-in-charge of an aeroplane for the purpose of qualifying for a Private Pilot’s Licence in accordance with the following:

a. the student will fly at all times under the orders of a person holding an instructors rating, who will ensure that the student does not undertake flights beyond the students capacity, and must obey  the directions given by the instructor.

b. The student is NOT permitted to carry passengers.

c. The student is not permitted to fly outside Uganda and all flights must begin and end at the same airstrip. The instructor is permitted to authorise intermediate landings on any flight for the purpose of giving a student practice in cross country flying.

5. Signing of Licences

5.1 On being issued with a licence, the holder shall sign their name in ink in the space provided.

6. Period of validity

6.1 A Student Pilot’s Licence will remain valid until the expiry date, or until the holder obtains another pilot’s licence. The issue of another licence automatically terminates the validity of the Student Pilot’s Licence.

6.2 The period for which a licence is granted is related to the age of the applicant at the time of issue or renewal.

            a. Under the age of 40 years - 2 years

            b. 40 years and over - 1 year

The period of validity will run from the date of the medical examination.

7. Renewals of Licences

7.1 A Student Pilot’s Licence is renewed on the basis of a medical examination and payment of the appropriate fees.

 8. Examinations and Tests

8.1 Applications for a flying test, examination or re-examination should be made through the KAFTC at least two weeks in advance having completed the necessary forms available through the KAFTC.

8.2 A student who fails any part of the flying test may be required to undertake further flying practice before being accepted for a re-test.

8.3 The flying test and technical evaluation must be completed within the same period of 6 months. Failure to do so will entail complete re-examination.

CHAPTER 2

FLIGHT EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS

1. SPECIAL CONCESSION FOR APPROVED COURSES

1.1 A student who has satisfactorily completed the approved course of flying training, including all written examinations and the General Flight Test within a period of 6 months, must have logged a minimum of 40 hours of flight training.

This 40 hours must include:

            a. not less than 15 hours as Pilot-in-Command (ie Solo)

            b. not less than 5 hours of cross country flights as Pilot-in Command (ie Solo)

            c. a minimum of 12 hours of dual instruction

1.2 A student who takes longer than the 6 month period must have logged a minimum of 50 hours of flight training.

These 50 hours must include:

            a. not less than 15 hours as Pilot-in-Command (ie Solo)

            b. not less than 5 hours of cross country flights as Pilot-in Command (ie Solo) within 6 months   immediately preceding the date of  application for a licence.

            c. a minimum of 12 hours of dual instruction

 2. Aircraft ground disciplines, manoeuvres and flight manoeuvres for the General Flight Test

2.1 In order to practice the necessary Aircraft ground disciplines and manoeuvres and flight manoeuvres, the following areas will be extensively covered in both dual instruction and solo practice. Spinning and recovery will not be practised by a solo student.

            a. Ground discipline and manoeuvres.

                        (I) Pre-flight responsibilities of a pilot-in-command including flight medical factors, pilot documentation, flight planning and flight plans, weather briefings, flight permissions and ATC clearances.

                        (II) Use of written Checklist.

                        (III) Pre-flight Inspection including aircraft documentation.

                        (IV) Starting procedures, engine running up and emergency procedures.

                        (V) Cockpit check and Vital actions.

                        (VI) Taxiing, emergency procedures and radio procedures.

             b. Flight Manoeuvres

                        (I) Normal, short, soft field, cross wind and aborted take offs.

                        (II) Engine failure after take off, in flight emergencies including fires, electrical, equipment and mechanical failures.

                        (III) Straight and level flight

                        (IV) Turns of various degrees of bank with and without engine, wing load factors, climbing and descending turns.

                        (V) Slow flight manoeuvring, recognition of the approach to stall, stalling and recovery.

                        (VI) Spinning and recovery, incipient spin recognition and recovery, unusual attitude recovery.

                        (VI) Normal, short, soft field, cross wind and aborted landings.

                        (VI) Landing without power

3. Flight Manoeuvres to be included in the course of dual instruction

Although not a part of the General Flight Test as detailed in CAP(U)53 the following flight manoeuvres will also be detailed as part of the dual instruction syllabus particularly relevant to flying in East Africa :

                        (I) Bad weather actions including low level circuits, 180 degree turnbacks, diversions, etc. 

                        (II) Wind drift correction techniques utilising turns around a point and S turns along a road.

                        (III) Airstrip evaluations from the air, including hazards in the vicinity, approach and departure tracks, wind direction, airstrip condition, hazards, landing and take off decision making.

                       (IV) Flapless landing techniques

                       (V) Use of VOR and ADF in establishing position, VOR tracking and intercepting.

                       (VI) Correct use of GPS navigation equipment, problems and failures.

Flight Exercises

These flight exercises give the principles of the flying lessons to be received during dual training flights.  In certain circumstances more than one flight exercise will be combined into one flight and sometimes one exercise will be take more than one flight to complete to the standards expected of the student pilot.

A 30 minute pre-flight briefing will be given by the instructor prior to each dual instructional flight on the  exercise(s) to be undertaken during the flight.

A 15 minute post flight critique and guidance discussion will be conducted after each flight and the  exercise(s) for the next flight will be discussed and agreed to enable the student to brief him/herself using the instruction books prior to the flight.

Apart from the exercises involving stalls and spinning,  all other exercises can be practised by the solo student after receiving dual instruction but only with the specific agreement of the instructor in the pre flight briefing.  A post flight critique will be conducted after each solo flight to enable the student to discuss any problem areas with the instructor.

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SYLLABUS!

This is it, the outline to how you are going to become a pilot!  We have included our syllabus in two formats below.  The first is a brief overview with a suggested reading list to give you the "big picture" of the sequence of the training course.  We also have provided an expanded syllabus that goes into more detail as to what each flight will include. 

The "Reading Material" refers to chapters in the blue book, "Flying Training".  It also refers to some material on this disk.   Read the material before the listed lesson so that you get the most benefit from that lesson!  Your pre-flight briefing with your instructor will cover any questions that you have from your reading.   The reading list may seem like a lot of material early on, but as your training progresses it will all become familiar and begin to make sense

The syllabus is a general outline of the training course.  It is designed to be flexible and adjusted for the individual pilot.  It may also be adjusted as necessary due to weather conditions and other factors.  So, don't panic if your training follows a slightly different route.

Overview of syllabus

(Click here for this table in a word document for printing!)

Expanded Syllabus

(click here for word document)

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Flight 1: 1 hour dual instruction.
Reading Material: Chapter 4a-f.
Objective: Student shows understanding of items 4 a-d.
Lesson Content: 1. Instructor shows student the pre-flight inspection.
2. Student starts engine and performs pre-takeoff checks according to the checklist.
3. Instructor demonstrates taxi and take off
4. Instructor demos and student does the following:
a. Primary and secondary effects of controls.
b. The art of trimming
c. The effects of airspeed and slipstream
d. The effects of power changes
e. The use of flaps.
5. Instructor talks student through the overhead join, approach and landing at Kajjansi
6. Student taxis

Flight 2: 1 hour
Reading Material: Chapter
Objective: Student shows understanding of items 5 a-c.
Lesson Content: 1. Student performs pre-flight supervised by Instructor
2. Student starts engine and performs pre-takeoff checks according to the checklist.
3. Student does local radio calls, listens to instructor speaking to EBB
4. Student performs taxi and take off
5. Instructor demos and student does the following:
a. Reviews the use of flaps.
b. Straight and level flight at different speeds and different configurations.
c. Climbing and descending at different airspeeds.
6. Instructor talks student through the overhead join, approach and landing at Kajjansi
7. Student taxis

Flight 3: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Objective: Student performs the pre-flight without omitting any items.
Maintains altitude +/- 150ft and airspeed +/- 15kts in the manoeuvres.
Lesson Content: 1. Student performs pre-flight supervised by Instructor
2. Student starts engine and performs pre-takeoff checks according to the checklist.
3. Student does local radio calls, listens to instructor speaking to EBB
4. Student performs taxi and take off
5. Instructor demos and student does the following:
a. Level turns and turns to headings.
b. Slow flight - 30' flaps and 50kt. Gentle turns maintaining altitude.
Recovery: Full power, carb heat and flaps to 20'
6. Instructor talks student through the overhead join, approach and landing at Kajjansi
7. Student taxis

Flight 4: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Objective: Student maintains altitude +/- 150ft and airspeed +/- 15kts in the manoeuvres.
Lesson Content: 1. Student performs pre-flight on their own.
2. Student communicates with Entebbe
3. Student performs the following:
a. Medium level turns
b. Climbing and descending turns to headings and points.
c. Reviews Slowflight.
4. Instructor demonstrates a stall.

Ground Lesson 1:
Reading Material: Chapter
Lesson Content: 1. Aerodynamics of flight.
2. Stalls.
3. Spins.

Flight 5: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Learn procedures for stalls.
Objective: Student shows understanding of the procedures for stalls and recovery and performs stalls correctly with minimal loss in altitude.
Lesson Content: 1. Student performs pre-flight on their own.
2. Student communicates with Entebbe
3. Instructor demonstrates and student practices the following:
a. Stalls without flaps
b. Stalls with flaps
c. Forward slips

Ground Lesson: 2
Reading Material: Chapter
Lesson Content: 1. Circuit procedures
2. Pre-landing checklist (BUMPFICH)

Flight 6:1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Learn procedures for the circuit and pre-landing checklist.
Objective: Student shows that they know the procedures for a circuit.
Lesson Content: 1. Student flies upper air circuits in the training area.
2. Instructor demos a circuit at Kajjansi and a touch and go.

Flight 7: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures.
Objective: Student starts to see the correct approach picture, adjusting the approach if too high or too low and demonstrates correct go around procedures.
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits with go-arounds.
2. Circuits with touch-and-gos

Flight 8: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures.
Objective: Circuit procedures are becoming more automatic and approaches are more consistent.
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits
2. Instructor demonstrates a glide approach

Flight 9: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures and glide approach procedures.
Objective: Student makes the field in a glide approach.
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits
2. Student practices glide approach
3. Instructor demonstrates EFATO

Flight 10: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures and glide approach procedures. Learn EFATO procedures.
Objective: Student demonstrates knowledge of EFATO procedures.
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits
2. Student practices glide approach and EFATO

Flight 11: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures.
Objective: Student demonstrates understanding of flapless landings and crosswind procedures.
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits
2. Flapless landing
3. Introduction to crosswind procedures

Ground Lesson 3:
Lesson Content: 1. Procedures for circuits at Entebbe.
2. Crosswind techniques

Flight 12: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures. Study technique for crosswind landings.
Objective: Student finds Entebbe and demonstrates correct crosswind techniques.
Lesson Content: Circuits at Entebbe
Low passes on runway 17
Crosswind circuits.

Flight 13:1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures.
Objective: Student demonstrates proficiency in the circuit with consistently good landings and PIC decision-making.
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits
2. Low level circuits
3. Glide approach and EFATO

The next flights will be as Flight 13 until the instructor feels that you are proficient to progress to the next stage.

Flight 14:1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures.
Objective: Student flies one solo circuit
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits
2. 1 solo circuit

Flight 15: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Learn procedures for practiced forced landings and other emergencies. Review procedures for stalls.
Objective: Student shows understanding of emergency procedures and "makes the field". Performs steep turns maintaining +/- 100 ft.
Lesson Content: 1. Steep turns
2. Practice forced landings
3. Other emergencies
4. Review stalls.

Flight 16: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures.
Objective: Student flies three solo circuits.
Lesson Content: 1. Circuits
2. Short field take off and landings.
3. 3 solo circuits (Full stop and taxi backs)

Ground Lesson 4: Reading Material: Chapter
Lesson Content: 1. Cross-country planning and navigational techniques.
2. Weight and Balance

Flight 17: 1:30 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Practice planning one cross-country. Plan cross-country Kajjansi - Kakira - Kayunga - Kajjansi.
Objective: Student demonstrates correct planning techniques and finds their way. Lesson Content: Triangle cross-country dual
Route - Kajjansi - Kakira - overhead Kayunga - Kajjansi.

Flight 18: 1 hour solo
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review procedures for stalls, steep turns and circuits.
Objective: Student performs pre-flight checks, take off and overhead join and landing competently.
Lesson Content: Student practices the following:
1. Steep turns
2. Stalls
3. Overhead join.

Flight 19: 1:30 hour solo
Reading Material: Chapter.
Homework: Plan cross-country.
Objective: Student finds the points and lands at Kajjansi competently.
Lesson Content: 1. Triangle cross-country solo
Route - Kajjansi - overhead Kayunga - overhead Kakira - Kajjansi

Flight 20: 2 hours dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Plans cross-country to Kibimba.
Objective: Demonstrates good navigation and diversion techniques.
Lesson Content: 1. Cross-country flight: Route - Kajjansi - Kibimba - Kajjansi
2. Practice forced landing
3. Diversion
4. Introduce VOR/NDB navigation

Flight 21: 1 hour solo
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review circuit procedures.
Objective: Landing competently.
Lesson Content: 1. Solo Circuits

Flight 22: 2 hours solo
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Plan cross-country flight to Kibimba.
Objective: Flies form Kajjansi to Kibimba and back with good landings at both airstrips.
Lesson Content: Cross-country flight.
Route - Kajjansi - Kibimba - Kajjansi

Flight 23: 2:30 hours dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Plan a flight to Soroti.
Objective: Demonstrates good navigation and diversion techniques and makes the field in PFL.
Lesson Content: 1. Cross-country flight: Route - Kajjansi - Soroti - Kajjansi
2. Practice forced landing
3. Diversion
4. Practices VOR/NDB navigation

Flight 24: 3 hours solo
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Plans qualifying cross-country flight.
Objective: Flies form Kajjansi to Soroti, Kibimba and back with good landings at all the airstrips.
Lesson Content: 1. Qualifying cross-country flight.
Route - Kajjansi - Soroti - Kibimba - Kajjansi

Flight 25: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review stalls, steep turns, emergency procedures and circuits.
Objective: Instructor sees which manoeuvres require more practice.
Lesson Content: 1. General flight test prep.

Flight 26: 1 hours solo
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review stalls, steep turns, emergency procedures and circuits.
Objective: Student practices manoevers on their own and performs good landing at Kajjansi.
Lesson Content: Solo review steep turns, stalls, circuits.

Flight 27: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Homework: Review stalls, steep turns, emergency procedures and circuits
Objective: Student demonstrates PIC skills and performs maintains +/- 100ft altitude, +/-10 heading.
Lesson Content: General flight test review.

Flight 28: 1 hour dual instruction
Reading Material: Chapter
Lesson Content: General flight test review.

Flight 29: General Flight Test….

CHAPTER 3

TECHNICAL EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS  

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To earn your pilot's license, you will take a flight test in Soroti with a flight examiner.  You will also take several written exams and one oral exam with the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) in Entebbe.  The exams are offered on the first tuesday and first thursday of the month. Talk to your instructor about getting them scheduled  The exams are:

    Airframes and Engines

    Navigation

    Meteorology

    Airlaw

    RT (radio telephone)- oral exam.

We have CD-ROMs at the aeroclub that cover all the areas that will be on the exams.  Pilots are encouraged to use these.  Finally, we have included some useful study aids/articles and practice exams below.

Study aids and Articles

The following articles will help you prepare for the written exams and will help make you a more knowledgeable pilot! 

Air law- CAP 637 is a publication that includes aeronautical signs and symbols. Useful stuff to know for when you go to airports like Entebbe or Heathrow!

Airframe and Engines:

• Engine Operations- great info on how piston engines work and how to keep them running.

• Fuel Awareness- running out of gas isn't just stupid, humiliating, and preventable- it is also potentially damaging to the aircraft!  This article contains some useful tips to make sure your aircraft is never fuel exhausted or mis-fueled.

• Pneumatic Systems- they keep your flight instruments working!  But every pilot needs to be prepared for the day they quit.

• Propellers- After reading this, you will definitely inspect your prop very carefully on your next preflight.

• Carbueretor/Induction Icing- Yes, it can happen in Africa!  Learn the symptoms and the prevention.

• Performance- Why we usually don't put four people in a four-seat aircraft.

• Wake turbulence- Usually not a problem here in Kajjansi, but some really big airplanes fly right next door in Entebbe.

Navigation:

• Navigation- flight planning, enroute navigation, arrival and lost procedures.

• Flight Plans- before you go you need to file one of these.

• Weight and Balance- now that you're going places you suddenly have a lot of friends.  Can you bring them and all their bags?

Meteorology

• East African Weather- Excerpts from this book will be helpful in understanding the weather and preparing for the weather written exam.

• Weather wise- "The moment a person says 'I'm going to learn to fly', that person needs to add 'and I'll learn weather too.'  Flying and weather should be thought of as one skill, one art, never separated."  -Bob Buck

Radio telephony- or RT.  Radio communication is an important part of learning to fly.  You will take an oral exam on radio work at Entebbe to ensure that your radio knowledge is good.  Documents that will help you master the radios:

• Phonetic alphabet and basic radio calls

• Radio Telephony- covers basics on radio operation and procedures.

• RT Manual (CAP413)- The ultimate guide on radio phraseology!

Practice papers

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Below are practice tests to take prior to taking your exams.  Some questions are taken directly from the real exams.  We suggest that you answer the questions that you can, then look up the answers to the questions you don't know, then talk to you instructor about the questions you can't find the answers to.  Because most of the folks at the CAA are not pilots, a few of the questions might seem totally irrelevant and downright ludicrous.  Hey, we didn't make the test, we're just providing these samples so you will be prepared!

Air Law practice exam

Meteorology practice exam

Navigation practice exam

Navigation practice exam part 2

Airframes and engines practice exam

Radio practice exams